Tinnitus is ringing sound or noise in the ear.
Types of Tinnitus
Two types of tinnitus are described:
(a) Subj ective, which can only be heard by the patient.
(b) Objective, which can even be heard by the examiner
with the use of a stethoscope
The Causes of tinnitus
I. Otologic
A Subjective
• Impacted wax
• Fluid in the middle ear
• Acute and chronic otitis media
• Abnormally potent eustachian tube
• Meniere's disease
• Otosclerosis
• Presbyacusis
• Noise trauma
• Ototoxic drugs
• Tumours of Vilith nerve
B. Objective
• Vascular tumours of middle ear
(glomus tumour)
• Aneurysm of carotid artery
• Palatal myoclonus
II. Non-otologic
• Diseases of eNS
• Anaemia
• Arteriosclerosis
• Hyperiension
• Hypotension
• Hypoglycaemia
• Epilepsy
• Migraine
III. Psychogenic
Treatment
Tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease. Where possible.
its cause shou ld be discovered and treated. Sometime~.
even the treatment of cause may not alleviate tinnitus.
When no cause is found, management of tinnitus includes.:
1. Reassurance and psychotherapy. Many times th .
patient has to learn to live with tinnitus.
2. Techniques of relaxation and biofeedback.
3. Sedation and tranquillizers. They may be needed in
initial stages till patient has adjusted to the symptom.
4. Masking of tinnitus. Tinnitus is more annoying at bed
time when the surroundings are quite . Use of a fan.
loudly clicking clock or a similar device may mask
the tinnitus and help the patient to go to sleep. Use
of a hearing aid, in persons with hearing loss, not
only improves hearing but also provides a masking
effect.
Tinnitus maskers can be used in patients who have np
hearing loss. They are worn like a hearing aid. Use of tinnitus
masker for a short time may provide, in some individuals,
a symptom-free period for several hours due to the.
phenomenon of residual inhibition.
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